IN today’s rapidly-evolving and fiercely competitive business landscape, success often hinges on trust, stability, and strategic risk management.
Contracts serve as the backbone of commercial transactions, providing a framework for growth and safeguarding interests amid uncertainty. Within this context, bonds and guarantees have emerged as vital instruments that not only reinforce confidence among stakeholders but also facilitate essential transactions across diverse sectors such as procurement, infrastructure, and financial services.
Despite their critical importance, these financial instruments remain among the least understood facets of a corporate executive’s toolkit — yet they hold the power to significantly influence corporate resilience and strategic outcomes.
This article aims to explore the strategic significance of bonds and guarantees — not as bureaucratic formalities, but as essential enablers of trust, liquidity, and operational continuity.
Instruments
In essence, bonds and guarantees are third party commitments — typically issued by banks or insurance companies such as the Export Credit Guarantee Corporation (ECGC) — that ensure one party fulfils its contractual obligations to another. They are neither loans, nor are they insurance policies.
They are risk-mitigation instruments that transfer performance and payment risk from the principal to the guarantor. Bonds and guarantees are often classified under two categories, namely; Surety/Contract/Construction Bonds.
These are three-party agreements involving the contractor (principal), project owner (obligee), and surety, where the surety provides a financial guarantee for the contractor’s obligations.
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The name “Construction Bonds” is derived from the fact that most sureties are focused on the construction industry, where there are promises to be kept at every stage of construction, from the Bidding Phase (tender period), Performance Phase (construction phase) and Maintenance Phase (maintenance period).
However, these bonds are not limited to the construction industry, but basically where a project must be done, goods delivered, services rendered and so forth. Customs Bonds guarantee the proper declaration and timely payment of customs duty, import duty to the Customs authorities or re-exportation at the due date (Carnet Bonds for temporary importation — eliminating payment of duties / VAT).
The most common types of Surety/Contract/Construction Bonds include:
Bid Bonds/ Bid Security: Institutions calling for tenders — at least public ones — ask for collateral which can be provided in cash or a bid security. With it, the Surety assures that the bidder will not withdraw its offer during the tender period, and will take the order at the conditions offered.
Performance Bonds: The execution of the contractually-agreed performance is guaranteed. Coverage is for all contractual obligations of the Principal (technical conditions/deadlines)
Advance Payment Guarantees: reassures the Beneficiary that the Principal/Contractor/Obligor/Risk will either execute the performance to which the advance payment pertains or refund that part of the advance payment that has not been used accordingly. It generally runs parallel to the performance bond.
Maintenance Bonds: This guarantees the correction of any defects in the performance detected after acceptance of the building. The period begins with the acceptance of the building.
The most common types under Customs Bonds include:
Agent’s Bonds — This is a “good behaviour” bond, for the due observation of Zimbabwe Revenue Revenue Authority (Zimra) regulations, to be lodged by any organisation dealing with the tax authorities on a commercial basis before being registered by Zimra.
Removal and Transit Bonds (RIT) — The purpose of the removal and transit bond is to enable the client to handle consignments passing through Zimbabwe without paying duty. A RIT Bond is put in place to ensure that goods get to their destination without duty being paid while in transit. The consignments are required to go out of the country within three days, failing which the client will be asked to pay duty.
Warehouse Bonds — The warehouse bond enables the company to import finished products into the bonded warehouse without paying duty and VAT. The duty and VAT will only be payable upon sale. Should the client sell products from the bonded warehouse and fail to pay the relevant duty, Zimra will call on the bond underwriter to pay an amount equivalent to the duty and VAT on the sold goods.
Inward Processing Rebate Bonds — To prevent significant cash payments for duty on imported raw materials used in manufacturing goods for export, at least 80% of these raw materials are stored in a bonded warehouse approved by Zimra. As security for the duty owed, in case the imported raw materials are not used to produce export goods, an inward processing rebate bond is submitted to Zimra. If the finished products are sold domestically and the customer fails to pay the duty, Zimra will invoke the bond underwriter to cover an amount equal to the duty on the imported raw materials used.
These instruments are not just contractual accessories — they are financial lifelines that enable projects to commence, progress, and conclude with confidence.
Why they matter
In boardrooms across the continent, executives are increasingly being asked to do more with less — less capital, less time, and less tolerance for failure. Bonds and guarantees offer a solution that is both financially prudent and strategically sound.
Risk Transfer: By shifting performance and payment risk to a third party, companies can protect their balance sheets and avoid costly litigation.
Liquidity Preservation: Guarantees allow firms to avoid tying up cash in deposits or retentions, freeing capital for growth and operations.
Market Credibility: A company backed by reputable guarantees signals financial discipline and reliability — key differentiators in competitive bidding environments.
Regulatory Compliance: In many sectors, especially construction and public procurement, guarantees are not optional — they are mandatory.
In short, bonds and guarantees are not just about compliance; they are about strategic positioning.
Cost of ignorance
Too often, companies treat bonds and guarantees as administrative hurdles — outsourced to legal or finance departments with minimal executive oversight. This is a mistake.
The cost of poorly-structured guarantees can be catastrophic: delayed projects, frozen capital, reputational damage, and in extreme cases, insolvency.
Consider the contractor who wins a tender but cannot deliver. Without a performance bond, the client is exposed. Or the supplier who receives an advance payment and disappears — without an advance payment guarantee, recovery is unlikely.
These are not hypothetical scenarios—they are real risks faced by businesses every day. It is time for executives to elevate their understanding of bonds and guarantees from operational necessity to strategic imperative. This means:
Engaging with your financial institutions to structure guarantees that align with your risk appetite.
Training procurement and legal teams to negotiate terms that protect your interests.
Viewing guarantees not as costs, but as investments in trust, continuity, and resilience.
In an era where trust is scarce and risk is abundant, bonds and guarantees are the quiet force that keeps commerce moving.
They may not make headlines, but they make deals happen. With over 25 years of proven expertise, the ECGC is more than a provider of bonds and guarantees—it’s your trusted partner in business. ECGC offers tailored support and expert guidance to help you navigate contracts and projects with confidence. ECGC ensures your business moves forward smoothly, securely, and successfully. Let ECGC be the strength behind your next big move.
For any assistance relating to bonds and guarantees for business, get in touch with the ECGC team on e-mail: [email protected] / [email protected] Tel Number: 0242-745452/565/869/ 08677008110/ 08677107930/2 WhatsApp: 0719 745 452/ 0774 420 323 Website: www.ecgc.co.zw or visit our offices at No 6 Earls Road, Alexandra Park, Harare.
